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How Fiction Works
How Fiction Works
Nov 10, 2025 1:24 PM

Author:James Wood

How Fiction Works

Rediscover this deep, practical anatomy of the novel from 'the strongest ... literary critic we have' (New York Review of Books) in this new revised 10th anniversary edition.

What do we mean when we say we 'know' a fictional character?

What constitutes a 'telling' detail?

When is a metaphor successful?

Is realism realistic?

Why do most endings of novels disappoint?

In the tradition of E. M. Forster's Aspects of the Novel and Milan Kundera's The Art of the Novel, How Fiction Works is a study of the main elements of fiction, such as narrative, detail, characterization, dialogue, realism, and style. In his first full-length book of criticism, one of the most prominent critics of our time takes the machinery of story-telling apart to ask a series of fundamental questions.

Wood ranges widely, from Homer to Beatrix Potter, from the Bible to John Le Carré, and his book is both a study of the techniques of fiction-making and an alternative history of the novel. Playful and profound, it incisively sums up two decades of bold, often controversial, and now classic critical work, and will be enlightening to writers, readers, and anyone interested in what happens on the page.

'Should find a place on every novel-lover's shelf. It has the quality all useful works of criticism should have: refined taste, keen observation, and the ability to make the reader argue, passionately, with it' Financial Times

Reviews

This compelling essay shows just how deeply, sensitively, imaginatively and joyfully he reads

—— Scotland on Sunday

There aren't many book reviewers whose leaving one magazine to go to work for another would make the headlines. But then there aren't many book reviewers like James Wood

—— Sunday Telegraph

Luminous... full of top-notch observations from the coal-face

—— D.J. Taylor , Independent on Sunday

Enchanting... Witty, concise, and composed with a lovely lightness of touch

—— Economist

Exceptionally illuminating... brilliantly acute and enticingly widely read work. It should be compulsory reading for anyone in the reviewing trade and committed to memory before aspiring writers put pen to paper. For those who intend to pursue the underrated calling of reading fiction without wishing to add to its ranks, it will not only make reading more pleasurable, but articulate what you may have felt but never been able to express

—— Rosemary Goring , Herald

James Wood is Britain's lost literary critic. It's impossible to read this book and not want immediately to turn back to the authors he discusses...and read more of them, more closely, yourself. And very little literary criticism achieves that

—— Evening Standard

Intelligent, well-read and extremely confident

—— Guardian

Should find a place on every novel-lover's shelf. It has the quality all useful works of criticism should have: refined taste, keen observation, and the ability to make the reader argue, passionately, with it

—— John Sutherland , Financial Times

Fondly and delicately pieces back together what the deconstructors put asunder

—— Observer

Displaying a playful exuberance wonderfully at odds with the dry, jargon-strewn tradition of academic criticism, this deft, slender volume analyses how novelists pull rabbits out of hats

—— The Economist

The most influential critic of his generation

—— William Skidelsky , New Statesman

Deservedly famous for the intellectual dazzle, literary acuteness and moral seriousness of his essays on everything from the King James Bible to Don DeLillo ... Wood writes like a dream

—— Daniel Mendelsohn , New York Times Book Review

James Wood, the critic, is one of the few living practitioners of his craft who will be read fifty years from now

—— Brian Morton , The Nation

Packed with…insight… [and a] concern for the messiness of emotional truth… Over the years, as this volume demonstrates, Wood has learned not only to dissect that habit of mind, but also to practise it

—— Tim Adams , Observer

A powerful storyteller immersed in the nuances of human relationships

—— Observer

Strout really can write you into a world until you feel you are there with her, in that house, that life, that little Podunk of a place

—— The Times

Writing of this quality comes from a commitment to listening, from a perfect attunement to the human condition, from an attention to reality so exact that it goes beyond a skill and becomes a virtue

—— Hilary Mantel on 'My Name is Lucy Barton'

Strout, always good, just keeps getting better

—— Vogue

A writer at the peak of her powers

—— Literary Review

It's hard to believe that a year after the astonishing My Name Is Lucy Barton Elizabeth Strout could bring us another book that is by every measure its equal, but what Strout proves to us again and again is that where she's concerned, anything is possible. This book, this writer, are magnificent.

—— Ann Patchett on 'Anything is Possible'

Strout animates the ordinary with astonishing force

—— New Yorker

A book that speaks volumes about our need for connection - human, feline or otherwise.

—— SAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE

This touching novel of a brave cat and his gentle, wise human will resonate with lovers of animal tales, quiet stories of friendship, and travelogues alike.

—— PUBLISHERS WEEKLY

Gentle, soft-spoken, and full of wisdom

—— KIRKUS REVIEWS

A delight to read

—— FINANCIAL TIMES

Prepare to have your heartstrings tugged by this quirky tale

—— SUNDAY MIRROR
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